The average potato has 0.075 mg solanine/g potato, which is equal to about 0.18 mg/kg based on average daily potato consumption. Calculations have shown that 2 to 5 mg/kg of body weight is the likely toxic dose of glycoalkaloids like solanine in humans, with 3 to 6 mg/kg constituting the fatal dose.
How much solanine is in a potato leaf?
Most commercial potatoes have a solanine content of less than 0.2 mg g−1. However, potatoes that have been exposed to light and have started to turn green can show higher concentrations.
Is solanine a glycoalkaloids?
Solanine is a glycoalkaloid to be found in potatoes. Glycoalkaloids are secondary plant in- gredients occurring in plants of the nightshade family as a defence mechanism against pests and germs. Potato tubers mainly contain the glycoalkaloids α-solanine and α-chaconine, mostly in the peel of the tubers.
Does frying potatoes remove solanine?
Solanine is not removed by boiling, but it can be destroyed by frying. Solanine poisoning is uncommon as cooks and the public are aware of the problem and tend to avoid green potatoes, in any case, consumption of up to 5 g of green potato per kg body weight per day does not appear to cause acute illness.
Is glycoalkaloids poisonous?
High levels of glycoalkaloid are toxic to humans. Acute symptoms, which generally occur 30 minutes to 12 hours after ingestion, include nausea, vomiting, stomach and abdominal cramps, and diarrhoea.
What are the glycoalkaloids in potatoes?
Glycoalkaloids, solanine (S), and chaconine (C) are naturally present in potatoes, can permeabilize cholesterol-containing membranes, and lead to disruption of epithelial barrier integrity. Frying potatoes concentrates glycoalkaloids.
What happens if you eat potatoes with solanine?
Cooking potatoes does not destroy the solanine. The glycoalkaloid a-chaconine is consid- ered more toxic than a-solanine. Temporary gas- trointestinal problems have been reported for some individuals eating potatoes that contained 3-10 mg/ 100g glycoalkaloids.
Is solanine poisonous to humans?
Both chaconine and solanine have been tested on mice, rabbits, and chick embryos and they have been shown to have similar toxicities. Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGA's) of potatoes may be detrimental to the health of humans and animals, but they are beneficial to the plants.
What are the chemical properties of potatoes gas?
Potato GAs are steroidal alkaloids comprised of a heterocyclic nitrogen, and a C27 steroid conjugated to a sugar moiety, most commonly a tri- or tetrasaccharide. The GA biosynthetic pathway is not fully delineated, even for solanine and chaconine, the major potato GAs.
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