MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Humans become infected by ingesting either embryonated Toxocara eggs from soil (geophagia, pica) (1, 3, 4, 8, 19), dirty hands, or raw vegetables; or Toxocara larvae from undercooked giblets (mainly liver) (1-3, 8).
How is Toxocara canis transmitted?
Adults and children can become infected by accidentally swallowing dirt that has been contaminated with dog or cat feces that contain infectious Toxocara eggs. Although it is rare, people can also become infected from eating undercooked meat containing Toxocara larvae.
How are roundworms transmitted to humans?
Roundworm infections usually happen when soil, sand, or plants that have been contaminated with infected animal feces are accidentally put in the mouth and ingested. Hookworm infections happen when larvae penetrate the skin. This usually happens when people sit or walk on contaminated soil or sand with bare feet.
What is the infective stage of Toxocara spp?
Eggs embryonate and become infective in the environment (2). Following ingestion by dogs (3), the infective eggs hatch and larvae penetrate the gut wall. In younger dogs, the larvae migrate through the lungs, bronchial tree, and esophagus; adult worms develop and oviposit in the small intestine (4).
How is roundworms transmitted in animals?
Infected dogs shed the microscopic roundworm eggs in their feces. Other dogs may become infected by sniffing or licking infected feces. Roundworm eggs can also be spread by other animals such as rodents, earthworms, cockroaches, and birds.
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