In in vivo models, BoNT/A impairs the cholinergic neuronal transmission at the motor-neurons but also at neurons controlling secretions and smooth muscle neurons, and blocks several neuronal pathways including excitatory, inhibitory, and sensitive neurons.
Does botulism affect sensory neurons?
One important feature of botulinum toxin in pain treatment is that the neurotoxin is thought to act only on motor nerve endings while sparing sensory nerve fibers from its effects. Subsequently, however, effects of botulinum toxin on nociceptive neurons were demonstrated in preclinical studies.
What neurotransmitter does botulism affect?
One of the pivotal clinical characteristics of BoNT is its prolonged on-site effects. The role of BoNT on the blockage of neurotransmitter acetylcholine release in the neuromuscular junction has been well established.
How does botulism toxin affect the nervous system?
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are metalloproteases which act on nerve terminals and cause a long-lasting inhibition of neurotransmitter release. BoNTs act by cleaving core proteins of the neurotransmitter release machinery, namely the SNARE (soluble NSF-attachment receptors) proteins.
What cells does botulism target?
Botulinum toxin typically interacts with two types of cells to cause the disease botulism. The toxin initially interacts with epithelial cells in the gut or airway to undergo binding, transcytosis, and delivery to the general circulation.
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